شركت برق "ئر.و.ئه ‪ "RWE‬آلمان كه بزرگترين آلوده‌كننده در اروپا است اعلام كرد قصد دارد روش جديدي را براي حذف دي اكسيدكربن از خروجي‌هاي نيروگاه‌هايي كه با سوخت زغال سنگ فعاليت مي‌كنند، ابداع كند.

به گزارش پايگاه اينترنتي رويترز، اين بزرگترين توليدكننده برق در آلمان ‪ ۸۰‬ميليون يورو (معادل ‪ ۱۱۳/۵‬ميليون دلار) براي اين روش هزينه خواهد كرد و قصد دارد تا سال ‪ ۲۰۲۰‬آنرا به بازار عرضه كند.

شركت خدماتي ‪ RWE‬با همكاري شركت توليدكننده گازهاي صنعتي "‪"Linde‬ و شركت شيميايي "‪ "BASF‬سرگرم ابداع اين روش هستند.

اين شركت‌ها اعلام كردند، ‪ BASF‬فناوري‌ها و حلال‌ها را در اين روش براي حذف دي‌اكسيد كربن آزمايش خواهد كرد و شركت ‪ Linde‬كارهاي مهندسي و ساخت و ساز پايگاه آزمايشي را كه نيروگاه "ليگنيت" سوزي در "نيدراوسن" خواهد بود، بر عهده خواهد داشت.

شماري از شركت‌هاي برق در سراسر جهان سرگرم مطالعه توقف دي اكسيد كربن هستند زيرا سوخت سوخت‌هاي فسيلي براي توليد برق يكي از آلوده‌كننده ترين فعاليت‌ها به شمار مي‌رود.

اين سه شركت آلماني اعلام كردند كه قصد دارند ‪ ۹۰‬درصد از دي اكسيد كربن را از گازهاي احتراقي كارخانه آزمايشي خود حدف كنند و نهايتا آنرا بكل حذف نمايند.

اگر موفقيت اين كارخانه آزمايشي ثابت شود، اين شركت‌ها متعاقبا يك كارخانه نمايشي خواهند ساخت كه راه را براي مصارف تجاري اين روش هموار خواهد كرد.

طي مطالعاتي كه توسط سازمان ناسا انجام شده است، مشخص شد كه گياهان آپارتماني در يك فضاي بسته و محيط كنترل شده توانايي جذب آلودگي هوا را خواهند داشت. به گزارش ايسكانيوز، اين مطالعات نشان داد كه برگ درختان آپارتماني توانايي جذب آلودگي در مقادير كم و ريشه گياهان به كمك فيلتر كربن فعال، توانايي دفع آلودگي تا حد بسيار بالاتري را دارا هستند. اين فيلترها در اطراف ريشه هاي گياه قبل از آنكه آلودگي تجمع پيدا كند، آنها را از بين برده و باعث كاهش آلودگي مي شوند. تحقيقات اين سازمان نشان داد كه گياهان، هوا را از آلودگي گازهايي مانند فرمالدئيد و بنزن پاك مي كنند. تحقيقات بيشتر مشخص كرد كه گياهان آپارتماني در پاك كردن هواي اطراف خود از ذرات بزرگتر و آلاينده هاي آپارتماني نظير آزبست ها، حشره كش ها، دي اكسيد كربن، مونواكسيد كربن و ساير گازها، مواد شيميايي حاصل از مواد شوينده، حلال ها و مايعات پاك كننده، الياف پخش شده حاصل از پوشاك در هوا، مبلمان، پرده ها، زيراندازها و فرش ها و همچنين قارچ ها و باكتريها و دود حاصل از توتون موثرند

و دیگر آلودگیها

  Invasive species

Light pollution

Noise pollution

Radio spectrum pollution

Visual pollution

Radioactive contamination

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Radioactive contamination is the uncontrolled distribution of radioactive material in a given environment. The amount of radioactive material released in an accident is called the source term.

Soil contamination

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Soil contamination is the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration of the natural soil environment. This type of contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground storage tanks, application of pesticides, percolation of contaminated surface water to subsurface strata, leaching of wastes from landfills or direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other heavy metals. This occurrence of this phenomenon is correlated with the degree of industrialization and intensity of chemical usage.

The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, both of direct contact and from secondary contamination of water supplies^[1]. Mapping of contaminated soil sites and the resulting cleanup are time consuming and expensive tasks, requiring extensive amounts of geology, hydrology, chemistry and computer modeling skills.

It is in North America and Western Europe that the extent of contaminated land is most well known, with many of countries in these areas having a legal framework to identify and deal with this environmental problem; this however may well be just the tip of the iceberg with developing countries very likely to be the next generation of new soil contamination cases.

The immense and sustained growth of the People's Republic of China since the 1970s has exacted a price from the land in increased soil pollution. The State Environmental Protection Administration believes it to be a threat to the environment, to food safety and to sustainable agriculture. According to a scientific sampling, 150 million mi (100,000 square kilometres) of China’s cultivated land have been polluted, with contaminated water being used to irrigate a further 32.5 million mi (21,670 square kilometres) and another 2 million mi (1,300 square kilometres) covered or destroyed by solid waste. In total, the area accounts for one-tenth of China’s cultivatable land, and is mostly in economically developed areas. An estimated 12 million tonnes of grain are contaminated by heavy metals every year, causing direct losses of 20 billion yuan (US$2.57 billion). ^[2].

The United States, while having some of the most widespread soil contamination, has actually been a leader in defining and implementing standards for cleanup^[3]. Other industrialized countries have a large number of contaminated sites, but lag the U.S. in executing remediation. Developing countries may be leading in the next generation of new soil contamination cases.

Each year in the U.S., thousands of sites complete soil contamination cleanup, some by using microbes that “eat up” toxic chemicals in soil^[4], many others by simple excavation and others by more expensive high-tech soil vapor extraction or air stripping. At the same time, efforts proceed worldwide in creating and identifying new sites of soil contamination, particularly in industrial countries other than the U.S., and in developing countries which lack the money and the technology to adequately protect soil resources

Air pollution

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Air pollution is a chemical, particulate matter, or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex, dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems.

Worldwide air pollution is responsible for large numbers of deaths and cases of respiratory disease. While major stationary sources are often identified with air pollution, the greatest source of emissions is actually mobile sources, mainly automobiles. Gases such as carbon dioxide, which contribute to global warming, have recently gained recognition as pollutants by some scientists. Others recognize the gas as being essential to life, and therefore incapable of being classed as a pollutant.

Water pollution

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 

Raw sewage and industrial waste flows into the U.S. from Mexico as the New River passes from Mexicali, Baja California to Calexico, California

Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans, and groundwater caused by human activities. Although natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water, these are not deemed to be pollution. Water is only called polluted when it is not able to be used for what one wants it to be used for. Water pollution has many causes and characteristics. Increases in nutrient loading may lead to eutrophication. Organic wastes such as sewage impose high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen depletion with potentially severe impacts on the whole eco-system. Industries discharge a variety of pollutants in their wastewater including heavy metals, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids. Discharges can also have thermal effects, especially those from power stations, and these too reduce the available oxygen. Silt-bearing runoff from many activities including construction sites, deforestation and agriculture can inhibit the penetration of sunlight through the water column, restricting photosynthesis and causing blanketing of the lake or river bed, in turn damaging ecological systems.

Pollutants in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical chemistry or sensory changes. Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can obviously produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Alteration of water's physical chemistry include acidity, conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is the fertilisation of surface water by nutrients that were previously scarce. Even many of the municipal water supplies in developed countries can present health risks. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases,^[1][2] and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily.^[2]